ATS-Health Imaging Training

the time required to reach that peak also increases.

A. Contrast dose

B. Aortic enhancement

C. Peak enhancement

D. Contrast enhancement

Answer: C

Explanation:  For a constant injection rate, as the contrast dose is increased (by increasing contrast volume), the magnitude of the peak enhancement increases and the time required to reach that peak also increases.

1053.Many patient factors have important effects on___________. These include the patient's age, sex, weight, height, cardiovascular status, renal

function, and the presence of other disease.

A. Cardiovascular status

B. diseases

C. Peak enhancement

D. Contrast enhancement

Answer: D

Explanation:  Many patient factors have important effects on contrast enhancement. These include the patient's age, sex, weight, height, cardiovascular status, renal function, and the presence of other disease.

1054.In some cases injection parameters can be adjusted to help ___________factors. Although patient factors are largely uncontrollable, it is important to recognize their potential effects on contrast enhancement.

A. Diagnostic image

B. Organ dose

C. Mitigate patient

D. Newer system

Answer: C

Explanation:  Although patient factors are largely uncontrollable, it is important to recognize their potential effects on contrast enhancement. In some cases injection parameters can be adjusted to help mitigate patient factors.

1055.Patients are asked to hold their breath during scan acquisition to reduce movement and decrease motion artifacts. Patient movement during __________ will cause anatomic structures to be displaced, distorted, or blurred.

A. Cross-sectional slices

B. Supine position

C. Scanning

D. Ureteropelvic junction

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Patient movement during scanning will cause anatomic structures to be displaced, distorted, or blurred. Patients are asked to hold their breath during scan acquisition to reduce movement and decrease motion artifacts.

1056.2D and 3D reformations may be helpful in defining certain types of renal abnormalities, such as renal cell carcinoma and ____________obstruction.

A. renal cells

B. Supine position

C. 3D Scanning

D. Ureteropelvic junction

Answer:  D

Explanation:  2D and 3D reformations may be helpful in defining certain types of renal abnormalities, such as renal cell carcinoma and ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.

1057.Intravenous (IV) contrast medium is not routinely administered for musculoskeletal trauma, but is often valuable for other indications. IV contrast

administration may be helpful in evaluating the vascularity of a __________ or in showing the relationship of major arteries or veins to musculoskeletal masses.

A. Musculoskeletal trauma

B. Tailored

C. Tumor

D. Clinical

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The reconstruction algorithm selected is based on the clinical application. In cases in which soft tissue or muscle imaging is the primary process, a standard algorithm is used. If bone detail is needed, data are also reconstructed in a high-resolution (bone) algorithm.

1058.The reconstruction algorithm selected is based on the ___________application. In cases in which soft tissue or muscle imaging is the primary process, a standard algorithm is used. If bone detail is needed, data are also reconstructed in a high-resolution (bone) algorithm.

A. muscle imaging

B. algorithm

C. Brain Tumor

D. Clinical

Answer:  D

Explanation:  In cases in which soft tissue or muscle imaging is the primary process, a standard algorithm is used. If bone detail is needed, data are also reconstructed in a high-resolution (bone) algorithm. The reconstruction algorithm selected is based on the clinical application.

1059.Musculoskeletal images are viewed in both _________(window width approximately 450; window level approximately 50) and bone (window width approximately 2,000; window level approximately 600) window settings.

A. Soft-tissue

B. Shoulder trauma

C. Knee

D. Prosthesis

Answer:  A

Explanation:  It has been observed that musculoskeletal images are viewed in both soft-tissue (window width approximately 450; window level approximately 50) and bone (window width approximately 2,000; window level approximately 600) window settings.

1060.Protocols for_____________most often include thin slices acquired in the axial plane. Scanning begins at the acromioclavicular joint and terminates a few centimeters below the most inferior fracture line.

A. Soft-tissue

B. Shoulder trauma

C. Knee

D. Prosthesis

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Scanning begins at the acromioclavicularjoint and terminates a few centimeters below the most inferior fracture line. Protocols for shoulder trauma most often include thin slices acquired in the axial plane.

1061. The pancreas differs in size, shape, and location depending on the individual patient. In general, the pancreas is located between the areas of the twelfth _____________and the second lumbar vertebra (inferiorly).

A. Thoracic vertebra

B. Pancreatic duct

C. Bile duct calculi

D. Obscure

Answer:  A

Explanation:  In general, the pancreas is located between the areas of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (superiorly) and the second lumbar vertebra (inferiorly). The pancreas differs in size, shape, and location depending on the individual patient.

1062.A technique that includes the use of thin slices and IV contrast enhancement improves the likelihood of visualizing the main________.

A. vertebral column

B. Pancreatic bile

C. Bile duct calculi

D. Lumber vertebra

Answer:  B

Explanation:  A technique that includes the use of thin slices and IV contrast enhancement improves the likelihood of visualizing the main pancreatic duct.

1063.The ability to accurately image high-density _________ allows the use of any type of instrument.

A. Slice thickness

B. Beam attenuation

C. Material

D. Anatomic space

Answer:  C

Explanation:  It is noted that the ability to accurately image high-density material allows the use of any type of instrument (i.e., needle, drainage tube, or other devices).

1064.Contrast material can be injected when vascularity, an_________, or an abnormal cavity needs further delineation.

A. high contrast image

B. attenuation

C. Scanning tools

D. Anatomic space

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Contrast material can be injected when vascularity, an anatomic space, or an abnormal cavity needs further delineation.

1065. Patients can be placed in a variety of positions to allow easier access to the_______.

A. Lesion

B. MRI position

C. Radiologists

D. Biopsy

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The patients can be placed in a variety of positions to allow easier access to the lesion.

1066.Scanner-created MPRs are programmed in the system to be generated automatically. They can save _______for the technologists and ensure that the

MPRs are always done. Typically, only straight sagittal and coronal planes can be programmed to be automatically generated.

A. Time

B  Data

C. Images

D. Slices

Answer: A

Explanation:  Scanner-created MPRs are programmed in the system to be generated automatically. They can save time for the technologists and ensure that the MPRs are always done. Typically, only straight sagittal and coronal planes can be programmed to be automatically generated.

1067.The osmolality of ______is approximately 290mOsm, /kg water. The structural property of a liquid regarding the number of particles in solution, per unit of liquid, compared with blood is known as osmolality. Osmolality is measured in milli osmoles per kilogram (mOsm/kg) of water.

A. Blood diffusion

B. Isotonic

C. Density

D. Osmolality

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The structural property of a liquid regarding the number of particles in solution, per unit of liquid, compared with blood is known as osmolality. Osmolality is measured in milliosmoles per kilogram (mOsm/kg) of water. The osmolality of blood plasma is approximately 290mOsm, /kg water.

1068.Most brands of iodinated contrast medium have a greater __________than blood plasma. Therefore, most contrast agents are said to be hyperosmolar or hypertonic solutions

A. Iodinated agents

B. hyperosmolar

C. Blood plasma

D. Osmolality

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Most brands of iodinated contrast medium have a greater osmolality than blood plasma. Therefore, most contrast agents are said to be hyperosmolar or hypertonic solutions

1069.Older iodinated agents, now less commonly used for_______________, are considered high osmolality contrast media (HOCM). The osmolality of these agents range from approximately 1,300 to 2,140mOsm,/kg.

A. Intravascular injections

B. Contrast agents

C. Contrast media

D. Contrast material

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Older iodinated agents, now less commonly used for intravascular injections, are considered high osmolality contrast media (HOCM). The osmolality of these agents range from approximately 1,300 to 2,140mOsm,/kg.

1070.The____________ introduced in the 1980s contain much lower osmolality, from 600 to B50mOsm,/kg. Hence, these agents have been classified as low osmolality

contrast media (LOCM).

A. Intravascular injections

B. Contrast agents

C. Contrast media

D. Contrast material

Answer:  B

Explanation:  The Contrast agents introduced in the 1980s contain much lower osmolality, from 600 to B50mOsm,/ kg. Hence, these agents have been classified as lowosmolality contrast media (LOCM).

1071.80 MPRs are two-dimensional in nature. Unlike 3D displays, _______image displays always represent the original CT attenuation values.

A.  2D

B. 3D

C. 4D

D. 5D

Answer:  A

Explanation:  MPRs are two-dimensional in nature. Unlike 3D displays, 2D image displays always represent the original CT attenuation values.

1072._______reformation attempts to represent the scan volume in a single image.

A.   2D

B. 3D

C. 4D

D. 1D

Answer:  B

Explanation:  3D reformation attempts to represent the scan volume in a single image.

1073.3D techniques draw an ________from the viewer through the data volume. Displays are generated by taking into account some or all (depending on the technique used) of the CT values along each line.

A. Imaginary line

B. Axiom

C. Shaded-surface

D. blood vessels

Answer:  A

Explanation: The 3D techniques draw an imaginary line from the viewer through the data volume. Displays are generated by taking into account some or all (depending on the technique used) of the CT values along each line.

1074.The principles of MPR apply to 3D reformats, especially the ______--that the thinner the original slices, the better the final 3D image.

A. 3D Image

B. Axiom

C. Shaded-surface

D. blood vessels

Answer:  B

Explanation: The principles of MPR apply to 3D reformats, especially the axiom that the thinner the original slices, the better the final 3D image.

1075.A variety of 3D techniques exist that display data from the scan volume in _____ ways.

A. Imaginary line

B. Axiom

C. Scan Data

D. Same

Answer:  C

Explanation:  A variety of 3D techniques exist that display data from the scan volume in different ways.

1076.It is frequently useful to limit the data set before creating the_________. This technique can remove structures that may obscure the area of interest.

A. Projection displays

B. imaged structure

C. VR images

D. interactivity

Answer:  A

Explanation:  It has been observed that it is frequently useful to limit the data set before creating the projection displays. This technique can remove structures that may obscure the area of interest.

1077.It is not uncommon for a __________to use both approaches depending on the clinical problem. They can be used separately or in combination.

A. Lesion

B. Single department

C. Radiology department

D. Biopsy department

Answer:  B

Explanation:  It is not uncommon for a single department to use both approaches depending on the clinical problem. They can be used separately or in combination.

1078.The rational use of CT relative to patient care involves two components: appropriate patient selection and minimization of the radiation dose without compromising ___________quality.

A. Diagnostic image

B. Organ dose

C. Mitigate patient

D. Newer system

Answer: A

Explanation:  In most of the cases the rational use of CT relative to patient care involves two components: appropriate patient selection and minimization of the radiation dose without compromising diagnostic image quality.

1079.Effective dose, _______, absorbed dose, multiple scan average dose, and CT dose index, among other measurements, are all used. There is no consensus regarding a single expression of dose.

A. Diagnostic scan

B. Organ dose

C. Mitigate patient

D. High Dose

Answer: B

Explanation:  There is no consensus regarding a single expression of dose. Effective dose, organ dose, absorbed dose, multiple scan average dose, and CT dose index, among other measurements, are all used.

1080.The ionizing radiation used in CT is an x-ray with maximum energy from 120 to _________and an average energy near 70 keV.

A. 120 keV

B. 130 keV

C. 140 keV

D. 150 keV

Answer: C

Explanation:  It is studied that the ionizing radiation used in CT is an x-ray with maximum energy from 120 to 140 keV and an average energy near 70 keV.

1081.The System International Units (SI) is a _________that is used internationally. The SI unit of absorbed dose is the gray (Gy).

A. Diagnostic image

B. Organ dose

C. Mitigate patient

D. Newer system

Answer: D

Explanation:  The SI unit of absorbed dose is the gray (Gy). The System International Units (SI) is a newer system that is used internationally.

1082.When the quality factor has been applied to the radiation absorbed dose, the new quantity is the dose equivalent, expressed in units known as the rem, or roentgen equivalent man. The SI equivalent unit is the sievert (Sv). There are ________in 1 Sv.

A. 100 rem

B. 200 rem

C. 300 rem

D. 400 rem

Answer: A

Explanation:  When the quality factor has been applied to the radiation absorbed dose, the new quantity is the dose equivalent, expressed in units known as the rem, or roentgen equivalent man. The SI equivalent unit is the sievert (Sv). There are 100  rem in 1Sv.

1083.According to studies in CT, the difference between the dose at the center and the dose at the periphery is not nearly as great as that of_______________. In CT studies of the head, the dose to the skin is close to that in the center of the slice.

A. Conventional radiography

B. Scan field

C. Inherently occurs

D. Scan Data

Answer: A

Explanation:  In CT, the difference between the dose at the center and the dose at the periphery is not nearly as great as that of conventional radiography. In CT studies of the head, the dose to the skin is close to that in the center of the slice.

1084.The uniformity of the dose decreases as the ___________of view and patient thickness increase. Therefore, body scans are less uniform than head scans. The central dose for a body scan is approximately one-third to one-half that of the peripheral dose.

A. Radiography

B. Scan field

C. Inherently occurs

D. body scan

Answer: B

Explanation:  The uniformity of the dose decreases as the scan field of view and patient thickness increase. Therefore, body scans are less uniform than head scans.

The central dose for a body scan is approximately one-third to one-half that of the peripheral dose.

1085.T0 a great degree, the more uniform beam accounts for the fact that, for a given set of machine parameters (mAs, slice thickness, pitch), organ doses are

clearly higher for children compared with (larger) adults. This is attributable to the partial shielding those ____________in larger subjects.

A. partial shielding

B. Scan field area

C. Inherently occurs

D. uniform thickness of slice

Answer: C

Explanation:  T0 a great degree, the more uniform beam accounts for the fact that, for a given set of machine parameters (mAs, slice thickness, pitch), organ doses are clearly higher for children compared with (larger) adults. This is attributable to the partial shielding that inherently occurs in larger subjects.

1086.In addition to the variations within the __________. Variations along the length, or z axis, of the patient, are described by the z axis dose distribution (or radiation profile).

A. Conventional radiography

B. Scan field

C. Inherently occurs

D. scanolane

Answer: D

Explanation:  In addition to the variations within the scanolane. Variations along the length, or z axis, of the patient, are described by the z axis dose distribution (or radiation profile).

1087.To understand this concept, let us first look at a traditional __________sequence (a full gantry rotation at one table position) with contiguous slices (slice thickness is equal to the table increment; therefore, no overlapping slices, no gapped slices). If there were no scatter radiation, the exposure would be equal throughout the study.

A. Axial scan

B. Tails

C. Multiple scans

D. MSAD

Answer: A

Explanation:  To understand this concept, let us first look at a traditional axial scan sequence (a full gantry rotation at one table position) with contiguous slices (slice thickness is equal to the table increment; therefore, no overlapping slices, no gapped slices). If there were no scatter radiation, the exposure would be equal throughout the study.

1088.The study of medical reveals that the areas of scatter into adjacent tissue are sometimes called ___________.

A. Axial scan

B. Medical estimation

C. Multiple scans

D. diagnosis

Answer: B

Explanation:  The areas of scatter into adjacent tissue are sometimes called tails.

1089.Patients may present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. No single clinical finding can effectively rule out or confirm the diagnosis of acute

__________.

A. Viral illnesses

B. Clinicians

C. Appendicitis

D. Gynecologic

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The patients may present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. No single clinical finding can effectively rule out or confirm the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

1090.Diagnosis is particularly difficult in women of childbearing age because acute __________conditions may mimic signs of appendicitis.

A. diagnosis

B. Clinicians

C. Appendicitis

D. Gynecologic condition

Answer:  D

Explanation:  Diagnosis is particularly difficult in women of childbearing age because acute gynecologic conditions may mimic signs of appendicitis.

1091.Abdominal pain, ____________, nausea, and vomiting are the most common symptoms of appendicitis.

A. Anorexia,

B. Peritoneal cavity

C. Pathologic

D. Barium enema

Answer:  A

Explanation:  Abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are the most common symptoms of appendicitis.

1092.Many other acute processes within or near the  ____________can present with the same signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis.

A. Hemophilia

B. Peritoneal cavity

C. symptoms

D. Barium enema

Answer:  B

Explanation:  Many other acute processes within or near the peritoneal cavity can present with the same signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis.

1093.The CTDI 100 is calculated using a dosimeter called a______________. It is a 10O-mm-long cylindrical device. Measuring dose in this way accounts for the variable pitches commonly used in helical scan sequences.

A. Measurement

B. Slice thickness

C. Pencil ionization chamber

D. Film-screen

Answer: C

Explanation:  The CTDI 100 is calculated using a dosimeter called a pencil ionization chamber. It is a 10O-mm-long cylindrical device. Measuring dose in this way accounts for the variable pitches commonly used in helical scan sequences.

1094.The modalities are significantly different; therefore a simple comparison between doses delivered from CT and ____________radiography cannot be conducted.

A. Measurement

B. Slice thickness

C. Pencil ionization chamber

D. Film-screen

Answer: D

Explanation:  According to studies the modalities are significantly different; therefore a simple comparison between doses delivered from CT and film-screen radiography cannot be conducted.

1095.It is important for technologists to have a general idea of the dose being delivered to the patient and how it relates to other___________.

A. Modalities

B. Radiation dose

C. Absorbed dose

D. Interventional radiography

Answer: A

Explanation:  It is important for technologists to have a general idea of the dose being delivered to the patient and how it relates to other modalities.

1096. The ___________for CT examination is substantially higher when compared with film-screen radiography.

A. Film screen radiography

B. Radiation dose

C. Absorbed dose

D. CT eximaniation

Answer: B

Explanation: The radiation dose for CT examinations is substantially higher when compared with film-screen radiography.

1097.Detector absorption efficiency affects radiation dose to the patient. Less-efficient detectors will require a higher radiation exposure to produce an adequate image. ___________detectors are from 90%to 100% efficient, whereas the xenon gas detectors used in older model scanners are significantly less efficient.

A. Solid-state

B. Gapped slices

C. Single-detector

D. Beam collimation

Answer: A

Explanation:  Less-efficient detectors will require a higher radiation exposure to produce an adequate image. Solid-state detectors are from 90%to 100% efficient, whereas the xenon gas detectors used in older model scanners are significantly less efficient. Detector absorption efficiency affects radiation dose to the patient.

1098.Multiple slice examinations using overlapping slices will produce a higher overall dose, whereas ___________will produce a lower overall dose.

A. Solid-state

B. Gapped slices

C. Single-detector

D. Beam collimation

Answer: B

Explanation:  Multiple slice examinations using overlapping slices will produce a higher overall dose, whereas gapped slices will produce a lower overall dose.

1099. A reduction in dose is associated with a subsequent increase in_________. For example, first assume that the minimum dose to obtain acceptable image quality has been determined. If this dose is halved by halving the mAs, a noise increase of 41 % can be expected.

A. CT image

B. Dose

C. Image noise

D. immunization

Answer: C

Explanation:  It has been observed that a reduction in dose is associated with a subsequent increase in image noise. For example, first assume that the minimum dose to obtain acceptable image quality has been determined. If this dose is halved by halving the mAs, a noise increase of 4Io/o can be expected.

1100.The _____________potential (or kVp) also affects the radiation dose, although the effect is not linear. With the mAs kept constant, changing from 120 to 130 kVp increases the radiation dose approximately 30% to 45%.

A. image area

B. radiation dose

C. Image noise

D. X-ray tube

Answer: D

Explanation:  According to studies that the X-ray tube potential (or kVp) also affects the radiation dose, although the effect is not linear. With the mAs kept constant, changing from 120 to 130 kVp increases the radiation dose approximately 30 % to 45 %.

1101.Large patients or thick body parts require radiographic techniques that increase the radiation dose to avoid an unacceptable level of image noise. In addition, the patient size and body composition may affect the degree of_____________.

A. Scatter radiation

B. Clinical reasons

C. CT scanning

D. CT examinations

Answer: A

Explanation:  Large patients or thick body parts require radiographic techniques that increase the radiation dose to avoid an unacceptable level of image noise. In addition, the patient size and body composition may affect the degree of scatter radiation.

1102.Areas of the patient that are rescanned to visualize various stages of intravenous contrast enhancement or for other technical or _____________receive additional radiation. The effect is cumulative.

A. clinical radiation

B. Clinical reasons

C. Image sizing

D. CT Study

Answer: B

Explanation:  Areas of the patient that are rescanned to visualize various stages of intravenous contrast enhancement or for other technical or clinical reasons receive additional radiation. The effect is cumulative.

1103.The _____________is a relatively high-dose procedure that contributes disproportionately to the overall radiation dose from all radio logic sources.

A. radio logic sources

B.  3D imaging

C. CT scanning

D. CT examinations

Answer: C

Explanation:  The CT scanning is a relatively high-dose procedure that contributes disproportionately to the overall radiation dose from all radio logic sources.

1104.The ________represented approximately ll% of all diagnostic radiologic procedures but accounted for 67% of the effective dose from diagnostic radiologic procedures.

A. Scatter radiation

B. Color Doppler

C. CT scanning

D. CT examinations

Answer: A

Explanation:  The CT examinations represented approximately l1% of all diagnostic radiologic procedures but accounted for 67% of the effective dose from diagnostic radiologic procedures.

1113.This unbalanced distribution of dose is simply because the dose associated with CT is _________than that from other radiologic examinations.

A. Higher

B. Lower

C. Normal

D. Equal

Answer: A

Explanation:  This unbalanced distribution of dose is simply because the dose associated with CT is higher than that from other radiologic examinations.

1114.To offer the reader a point of comparison, the radiation dose from one abdominal CT scan has been commonly reported to be equivalent to that of _________ to 250 chest radiographs.

A. 100

B. 200

C. 300

D.400

Answer: A

Explanation:  It has been studied that to offer the reader a point of comparison, the radiation dose from one abdominal CT scan has been commonly reported to be equivalent to that of 100 to 250 chest radiographs.

1115.Recent high-speed _____________technology creates more-defined images in shorter times and has allowed for new clinical indications such as CT angiography. In addition, the faster scan speed has reduced the need for sedation in pediatric patients, thus spurring this modality's use in that population.

A. MDCT

B. Helical scanners

C. Higher radiation

D. Pitch

Answer: A

Explanation:  Recent high-speed MDCT technology creates more-defined images in shorter times and has allowed for new clinical indications such as CT angiography. In addition, the faster scan speed has reduced the need for sedation in pediatric patients, thus spurring this modality's use in that population.

1116.Comparing MDCT with older, single-detector row___________ effective radiation dose is estimated to be 27 % to 35 % higher with MDCT, whereas organ dose (i.e., kidneys, uterus, ovaries, and pelvic bone marrow) is estimated to be 92% to 180 %o higher.

A. MDCT

B. Helical scanners

C. Higher radiation

D. Pitch

Answer: B

Explanation:  Comparing MDCT with older, single-detector row helical scanners. effective radiation dose is estimated to be 27 % to 35 % higher with MDCT, whereas organ dose (i.e., kidneys, uterus, ovaries, and pelvic bone marrow) is estimated to be 92 %  to 180 %  higher.

1117.The normal CT attenuation of the ______in unenhanced studies varies among individuals and ranges from 38 to 70HU.

A. Rectum

B. Radiologist

C. Liver

D. Spleen

Answer:  C

Explanation:  The normal CT attenuation of the liver in unenhanced studies varies among individuals and ranges from 38 to 70HU.

1118.In healthy subjects the attenuation of the liver is at least 10HU greater than that of the_______.

 A. heart

B. lungs

C. limbs

D. Spleen

Answer: D

Explanation:  In healthy subjects the attenuation of the liver is at least 10HU greater than that of the spleen.

1119.Although ultrasonography is recommended as the ___________study in children, young women, and pregnant women, CT is most often recommended as the initial study in all other patients.

A. ECG

B. Utrasonography

C. Initial imaging

D. Color Doppler

Answer:  C

Explanation:  Although ultrasonography is recommended as the initial imaging study in children, young women, and pregnant women, CT is most often recommended as the initial study in all other patients.

1120.CT is also recommended for patients in whom __________evaluation is suboptimal, indeterminate, or normal, or for those patients in whom perforation

is suspected.

A. CT Scan

B. Utrasonography

C. high definition image

D. Sonographic

Answer:  D

Explanation:  CT is also recommended for patients in whom sono graphic evaluation is suboptimal, indeterminate, or normal, or for those patients in whom perforation is suspected.

1121.The most common CT findings in acute appendicitis are a dilated non specified appendix, soft tissue stranding into adjacent ___________fat, and appendicolith.

A. periappendiceal

B. Appendicitis

C. Contrast agents

D. Abdomen

Answer:  A

Explanation:  The most common CT findings in acute appendicitis are a dilated nonopacified appendix, soft tissue stranding into adjacent periappendiceal fat, and appendicolith.

1122. All current protocols use thin-section images. In all other regards, there are many variations in ___________ protocols.

A. protocol

B. Appendicitis

C. soft tissues

D. thin section image

Answer:  B

Explanation:  All current protocols use thin-section images. In all other regards, there are many variations in appendicitis protocols.

1123.Therefore, new CT technology results in two concerns: 1) expanded technology resulting in more CT studies being performed, and 2) ____________

doses associated with the newer scanners.

A. CT studies

B. Helical scanners

C. Higher radiation

D. CT Technology

Answer: C

Explanation:  Therefore, new CT technology results in two concerns: 1) expanded technology resulting in more CT studies being performed, and 2) higher radiation doses associated with the newer scanners.

1124.Information concerning the effects of low-dose radiation on atomic bomb survivors who were irradiated as children became available in the year______. It prompted a change of thinking among both physicists and healthcare professionals.

A. 2000

B. 2001

C. 2002

D. 2003

Answer: A

Explanation: It prompted a change of thinking among both physicists and healthcare professionals. Information concerning the effects of low-dose radiation on atomic bomb survivors who were irradiated as children became available in the year 2000

1125.These research findings have shown that the effective doses with diagnostic CT are associated with a small but statistically significant increased risk of developing _____________as a result of the radiation.

A. Focal spot size

B. Termed detector

C. Cancer

 D. Low contrast sensitivity

Answer:  C

Explanation:  These research findings have shown that the effective doses with diagnostic CT are associated with a small but statistically significant increased risk of developing cancer as a result of the radiation.

1126.What is the techniques measure cerebral blood flow, whereas CT angiography of the carotid arteries and vessels of the circle of Willis can demonstrate stenos is or occlusion of extra cranial and intracranial arteries?

A. Venous anatomy

B. CT angiography

C. CT perfusion

D. Cerebral and carotid CTA

Answer: C

Explanation: CT perfusion techniques measure cerebral blood flow, whereas CT angiography of the carotid arteries and vessels of the circle of Willis can demonstrate stenos is or occlusion of extra cranial and intracranial arteries.

1127.What are provides valuable information by calculating blood flow (CBF) and blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT). A workstation equipped with commercially available perfusion software is necessary to perform these calculations?

A. Venous anatomy

B. CT angiography

C. Cerebral and carotid CTA

D. CT perfusion

Answer: D

Explanation: CT perfusion provides valuable information by calculating blood flow (CBF) and blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT). A workstation equipped with commercially available perfusion software is necessary to perform these calculations.

1128.Perfusion studies are obtained by monitoring the passage of ___________________ through the cerebral vasculature.

A. Venous anatomy

B. Iodinated contrast

C. Cerebral and carotid CTA

D. CT perfusion

Answer: B

Explanation: Perfusion studies are obtained by monitoring the passage of iodinated contrast through the cerebral vasculature.

1129.Attractive characteristics of this approach (perfusion studies) are the widespread availability of ______________, their high image quality, and relatively low costs. In addition, simply extending the routine CT examination eliminates time-consuming transport of patients between scanners that serves to further delay treatment.

A. CT scanners

B. Iodinated contrast

C. Cerebral and carotid CTA

D. Treatment

Answer: A

Explanation: The most attractive characteristics of this approach (perfusion studies) are the widespread availability of CT scanners, their high image quality, and relatively low costs. In addition, simply extending the routine CT examination eliminates time-consuming transport of patients between scanners that serves to further delay treatment.

1130.The time between arriving in the emergency room to actual treatment should be _______ minutes or less. During this hour, various tests must be performed, including a neurologic examination, blood tests, and a CT scan of the head to determine whether hemorrhage has occurred and contraindicates t-PA.

A. 10

B. 30

C. 45

D. 60

Answer: D

Explanation: Published guidelines recommend that the time between arriving in the emergency room to actual treatment should be 60 minutes or less. During this hour, various tests must be performed, including a neurologic examination, blood tests, and a CT scan of the head to determine whether hemorrhage has occurred and contraindicates t-PA.